George Gemistos Plethon on God Aristotle vs Plato Essay

George Gemistos Plethon on God: Aristotle vs Plato In this paper I examine George Gemistos Plethons defense in his De Differentiis of Platos conception of God as superior to that of Aristotles. (2) Plethon asserts that the Platonic conception of God is more consistent with Orthodox Christian theology than the Aristotelian conception. This claim is all the more interesting in light of the fact that Plethon is, as it turns out, a pagan. I argue that Plethon takes the position he does because his interpretation of the Platonic God better fits his own neo-pagan theological conceptions. Part of the evidence for this is supplied by the first English translation of Plethons Summary of the Doctrines of Zoroaster and Plato. I. Background†¦show more content†¦Both had been students of Gemistos in their youth. Another non-clerical member of the delegation was George Scholarios: both a future adversary of Gemistos and a future Patriarch of Constantinople as Gennadios II. During the Council, Gemistos found that he had free time because much of the counciliar discussion concerned theological minutiae that did not require the presence of a secular sage. Gemistoss fame had preceded him, and he was invited by some Florentine humanists to give a series of lectures on the differences between Plato and Aristotle. It should be remembered that in the Latin West at this time very little of the Platonic corpus was available. For most of the Mediaeval Period, only the Timaeus in the partial translation of Calcidius was available. The Meno and Phaedo were translated in the twelfth century by Henricus Aristippus, but remained little studied.(4) Leonardo Brunis translations of the Phaedo, Apology, Crito, and Phaedrus were made only shortly before Gemistoss visit. Among the attendees of these lectures was Cosimo dMedici. Cosimo later founded the Accademia Platonica in Florence. The first director of the Academy was Marsilio Ficino. Ficino recorded the following about the founding of the Academy: At the time when the Council was in progress between the Greeks and the Latins in Florence under Pope Eugenius, the great Cosimo, whom a decree of the Senate (Signoria) designated Pater patriae, often listened to the

Cyber Bullying Is Harmful Than Traditional Bullying

Cyber-bullying involves the use of technology to cause distress, harm, and torture to the victim. This involves sending abusive or intimidating messages, emails, and pictures through the use of several technological avenues. Traditional bullying involves physical aggression to a victim through using abusive verbal language and physical beating. Cyber- bullying seems to have surpassed traditional bullying because of the increased advance in the world of technology. Most bullies have turned to technology as their tool of propagating their actions. With the expanse of world-wide-web and technology as a whole, cyber-bullying may reach a point where it is no longer possible to control it. This uncontrollable nature of cyber-bullying makes it more harmful than traditional bullying. Firstly, in cyber bullying the level of anonymity is higher compared to traditional bullying. The current form of technology allows perpetrators of cyber bullying to impersonate other people and this reduces the fear of being castigated for the act. Broadhurst (420) indicates that most of the cyber bullies create fake email accounts and social sites and use them to post traumatizing information to their target population. This level of anonymity gives the bullies more courage to cause harm to the victims. Ngo and Raymond (780) reveal cases of ladies who are intimidated because of their stand in societal matters. Estranged men may decide to hide behind fake social accounts and post obscene pictures ofShow MoreRelatedThe Big Bad Bully On The Playground915 Words   |  4 Pagesplay the role of the bully. Bullying is a whole new experience for kids in school today. Advancements made in technology have advanced the method bullies use to harass, threaten, and humiliate their victims. The use of the internet to attack others is sweeping through schools and homes with devastating consequences. Cyber bullying is more harmful than traditional bullying because of the anonymity factor, easier access to victims, and it has greater consequences. A cyber bully terrorizes their victimRead MoreCyber Bullying And The Internet1324 Words   |  6 Pagesmost powerful form of bullying, called cyber bullying. Unfortunately, no one is exempt from cyber bullying. The Internet is a tool that gives anyone a voice, including bullies. It is a marvelous element that has become an operating tool in our daily lives. We learn from it, communicate with it, and are entertained by it. However, there are people who use it to mistreat others. We hear on the news, more often than we should, of young people committing suicide due to cyber bullying. While there are bulliesRead MoreIs Cyberbullying as Pervasive and as Dangerous as Physical Bullying?1028 Words   |  5 Pagesbecause it occurs more frequently than before. More specifically, cyberbullying is the use of the Internet, cell phones, or other electronic communication devices to spread harmful or embarrassing information in the form of text, photos or videos about another person. Cyberbullyi ng is worse than physical bullying because of its serious consequences, and the person who suffers the cyberbullying would be hurt mentally by harmful messages, which is more difficult to cure than physical injury. First of allRead MoreCriminalization of Cyberbullying1026 Words   |  5 Pageseffects of cyber bullying are becoming a growing problem, the criminalization of cyber bullying is needed to prevent its harmful repercussions to the United States and serve as a deterrent. Cyber bullying has become the 21st century version of bullying; it has extended beyond the classroom and onto a virtual world that seems to have no real-life effects. The world is now able to bully someone in the comfort of his or her own home, at any given point, with the use of technology. However, Cyber bullyingRead MoreCyber-bullying Powered by Technology869 Words   |  4 PagesCyber-bullying has become a huge issue recently not only in high school but in the middle schools as well. For awhile there it seemed that just about every time you turned on the news there was another story of bullying or a suicide related to bullying incident being reported. â€Å"Love is louder† has become a popular phrase among celebrities and other influential figures lately. They’re trying to send out a message to anyone listening saying that bullying is wrong and it shouldn’t be tolerated. WithRead MoreThe Necessity of Anti Bullying Laws1381 Words   |  6 PagesBullying can lead to many unwanted, harmful consequences for both the t victim and tbe perpetrator. There are many actions that are considered bullying as well as many different types of bullying, yet bullying laws already in place seem to be only consider specific types of bullying. If more thorough laws were put into place, instances of bullying would decrease to some degree. Therefore, the state or federal government should put bullying prevention laws into place. Bullying can take place inRead MoreCyber Bullying1455 Words   |  6 PagesRunning head: Bullying Issues 1 Bullying Issues: Cyber bullying vs. Traditional Bulllying Horache Allen Compostion1 Jan 29, 2013 Bullying Issues 2 Bullying Issues: Cyber Bullying vs. Traditional Bullying Are you a victim of cyber bullying? Or were you theRead MoreCyber Bullying And Its Effects On Its Victims1651 Words   |  7 Pagesindividuals who live in it, especially cyber bullying. With the rise in the use of technology, digital culture and anonymity, cyber bullying has become a prominent issue that can have negative psychological effects on its victims through the power of these technological advances. This new 21st century term is derived from standard physical bullying has become a prominent and revolving issue as cellphone, texting and social media sites take away one’s privacy by causing harmful psychological effects on itsRead MoreCyberbullying versus Traditional Bullying1690 Words   |  7 PagesBullying has been around since the beginning of time. Parents may remember when they were kids and the bully would pick on them or their friends by stealing lunch money or just getting beat up, and that was the end of it. The victims remember the hurt, frustration, and s adness it caused. However, these days, bullying is not just happening on the playground or at the bus stop, it is happening on the Internet and on cell phones, making it possible to bully a child 24 hours a day with multiple bulliesRead MoreBullying Is Bad Traditional Or Cyber Bullying?1296 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is Worse Traditional -Bullying or Cyber Bullying What is Worse Traditional -Bullying or Cyber Bullying and Which is Worst Traditional or Cyber-Bullying? Patricia Spatcher Florida Southwestern State College What is Worse Traditional -Bullying or Cyber Bullying and Which is Worst Traditional or Cyber-Bullying? Bullying is the aggressive act of repetitive emotional, psychological or emotional abuse, by one or more persons over a time span. Traditionally, there are four

St Louis And Saint Louis - 991 Words

The Saint Louis Man Throughout my six years at Saint Louis I was taught to become a Saint Louis Man. Saint Louis molded me. They have been teaching the students how to respect all their peers, especially women for over 165 years. Being a gentleman shows in these two traits of a Saint Louis Man, â€Å"Live the golden rule† and â€Å"respect all people, especially women† and also the life of my brother, Alika Pilialoha Fonseca. Outsiders look at those who attend Saint Louis as disrespectful and they do not know how to treat women properlyÍ ¾ however, Saint Louis prepares the men of Kalaepohaku to be gentlemen to all people especially women in college and the workforce. The character of a Saint Louis Man are instilled into our everyday lives from school, to the real world and ongoing into our life as adults . One of the traits that exemplifies respecting women is the golden rule, â€Å"treat others the way you want to be treated†. The teachings we learn at Saint Louis is to imagine if someone mistreats one of your female family members or spouse, wouldnÊ »t you be furious? So donÊ »t go out to make other people have that feeling. Treat your peers with respect if you want respect, everyone who gives the respect, deserves respect. â€Å"Respect all people, especially women†Ã ¾ this trait of being a Saint Louis man is emphasized to the point of knowing it like it is your first name. As a graduate from Saint Louis I can say that our teachers and faculty are good examples of living the Saint Louis ManShow MoreRelatedSwot Analysis of Healthcare Organizations1454 Words   |  6 Pagesservices, and activities of your chosen health care organization. Barnes-Jewish Hospital is located at One Barnes-Jewish Hospital Plaza in St. Louis Missouri. It is the largest hospital in the state and employs the most people of any other company in the surrounding area. Two hospitals, Barnes Hospital, and The Jewish Hospital of St. Louis, merged in 1996 to create the facility of today. The hospital has been awarded many prestigious titles throughout its operation for the quality of theRead MoreThe Sainte-Chapelle: A Rare and Sparkling Jewel1407 Words   |  6 Pagesrare jewel that has magnificent architecture and decoration; the stain glass windows seem to be inside of a jewel case. The many jewels seem to change color every hour with the sunlight rays bouncing back and forth. â€Å"The founder, King Louis IX, the future St. Louis, who had it built to house the Holy Relics of the Passion, today dispersed† (Finance 1). The spire has statues of Christ’s apostles at the base of the spire and has angles decorated above the apostl es. The Sainte Chapelle, the lower chapelRead MorePanera Bread Research Paper805 Words   |  4 PagesCo., a fast-casual bakery and cafà © chain, founded by Louis Kane and Ron Shaich. Throughout the 1980s and 1990s, the chain grew along the east cost of the United States and internationally. It dominated in the bakery-cafà © category. In 1993, Au Bon Pain Co. purchased Saint Louis Bread Company, which was founded by Kenneth Rosenthal. At this time, the Saint Louis Bread Company was in the midst of renovating its 20 bakery-cafes in the Saint Louis area. The concept’s name was ultimately changed to PaneraRead MoreFrequency Distribution and Frequent Flier Miles1614 Words   |  7 Pagesasked which midwestern city they prefer: Indianapolis, Saint Louis, Chicago, or Milwaukee. 120 liked Indianapolis best, 430 liked Saint Louis, 1360 liked Chicago, and the remainder preferred Milwaukee. Develop a frequency table and a relative frequency table to summarize this information. (Rou nd relative frequency to 3 decimal places.) |   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  City | Frequency | Relative Frequency |   Ã‚  Indianapolis | 120      | 0.060     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   |   Ã‚  St. Louis | 430      | 0.215     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   |   Ã‚  Chicago | 1,360      | 0.680  Read MoreThe First Stop On My Cpr Tour1610 Words   |  7 PagesCrystal City Underground The first stop on my CPR tour was the Crystal City Underground. This awesome cave sits in the heart Crystal City, which is located about 30 miles south of St Louis, MO. Carved into the Mississippi river bluff this cavern was once an active sand mine serving a local glass plant, Pittsburgh Plate Glass factory, with materials for almost a century. In the 1980’s the plant and the mine were closed, allowing water that was pumped out for decades to begin to flood portionsRead MoreThe University Of A Private Higher Learning Institution Located At St. Louis County, Missouri Essay1039 Words   |  5 PagesMaryville University of St. Louis Maryville University is a private higher learning institution located in St. Louis County, Missouri. It was founded in 1872, so it is one of the older universities in the state. Maryville University is a nationally ranked university that serves over 6,500 students every year. Students may choose from over 90 undergraduate and graduate degrees. There are six colleges within the Maryville University system. This includes the College of Arts and Sciences, whichRead MorePanera Bread Case Study998 Words   |  4 Pagessandwiches, soups, salads, and other bakery items. Its headquarters are in Sunset Hills, Missouri, a suburb of St. Louis. Panera bread was once originally known as the St. Louis Bread Company. In 1993, Au Bon Pain Co. purchased the Saint Louis Bread Company, which was founded by Ken Rosenthal. At the same time, the St. Louis Bread Company was renovating its 20 bakery-cafeÃŒ s in the St. Louis area. In May 1999, to expand Panera Bread into a national restaurant, Au Bon Pa in Co. sold its other chains,Read MorePanera Bread1029 Words   |  5 Pagesbegan in 1981 as Au Bon Pain Co., Inc. Founded by Louis Kane and Ron Shaich, the company prospered along the east coast of the United States and internationally throughout the 1980s and 1990s and became the dominant operator within the bakery-cafe category. In 1993, Au Bon Pain Co., Inc. purchased Saint Louis Bread Company, a chain of 20 bakery-cafes located in the St. Louis area. The company then managed a comprehensive re-staging of Saint Louis Bread Co. Between 1993 and 1997 average unit volumesRead MoreRacial Discrimination Is A Social Injustice Essay1647 Words   |  7 Pagescriminal justice system would be Judge Clyde Cahill. hill was in the United States Air Force from 1942 to 1946, and then received a B.S. from Saint Louis University in 1949. He received a J.D. from Saint Louis University School of Law in 1951, and was thereafter in private practice in St. Louis until 1954. He was an assistant circ uit attorney for the city of St. Louis from 1954 to 1961, and then returned to private practice while serving as a special assistant circuit attorney from 1961 to 1964. He wasRead MoreBaroque Art Essay1231 Words   |  5 Pagesof the arts, perhaps even more so than before, in order to restore the validity and supreme authority of the Catholic Church. In the mid 17th century, Gianlorenzo Bernini received a commission to build the piazza in front of the previous faà §ade at Saint Peter’s in the Vatican City. Bernini embodied the quintessential Baroque architect, and artist in general for that matter because of his â€Å"inventiveness, technical skill, sensitivity to his patrons’ needs, and energy†. The â€Å"embracing† colonnades of

Media Law Defamation, Copyright, Etc - 23627 Words

UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA MEDIA LAW - 2007 1. DEFAMATION 1. Why a law of defamation? Every member of society has an interest in retaining his or her personal reputation and standing. All members of the community also have an interest in a free flow of information and communication. There is a tension between these two interests. The law represents a balance between personal interests in reputation on one hand and community interests in free speech and an uninhibited flow of information and opinions on the other. The law of defamation in Australia has, until recently, lacked uniformity. Given the advances in technology and the growth of national publications, the pressure for†¦show more content†¦It is not necessary that the plaintiff be named. The test will be whether the words would reasonably lead people acquainted with the plaintiff to the conclusion that he was the person referred to : Knuppfer v London Express [1944] AC 116. If a defamatory statement made of a class or group can reasonably be understood to refer to every member of it, each one has a cause of action. In Pryke v The Advertiser Newspapers Ltd (1984) 37 SASR 175, a Letter to the Editor published in The Advertiser criticised the conduct of proceedings by an Industrial Commissioner, without specifying by name which of the 4 Commissioners had been concerned. All 4 Commissioners succeeded on the basis that the letter was defamatory of each of them. In Bjelke Petersen v Warburton [1987] 2 QdR 465, the Leader of the Opposition made statements about the governments corruption and its mismanagement, and said he would be asking questions about which Ministers had their hands in the till. This was held capable of being defamatory of each of the 18 members of the Ministry. However, if the class is composed of too many people, then the matter will be incapable of identifying any particular individual. Inappropriate use of photographs as background to unrelated publications can lead to identification. 4. Parties Not only individuals can sue. Partnerships orShow MoreRelatedMedia Law: Defamation, Copyright, Etc23639 Words   |  95 PagesUNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA MEDIA LAW - 2007 1. DEFAMATION 1. Why a law of defamation? Every member of society has an interest in retaining his or her personal reputation and standing. All members of the community also have an interest in a free flow of information and communication. There is a tension between these two interests. The law represents a balance between personal interests in reputation on one hand and community interests in free speech and an uninhibitedRead MoreThe First Amendment : The Second Amendment1738 Words   |  7 Pagesbe the most used amendment today. One of the reasons is that people are always taking advantage of it. One way is that people try to use it as a joke most of the time and that is one way for someone to ruin it. Another reason is because of social media. An example is somebody goes on Facebookâ„ ¢ and posts something hateful and then they get in trouble for it and they use the excuse saying they believe that the First Amendment gives them freedom to say whatever they want to say. Then they get in troubleRead MoreThe Issue Of Cyber Crimes Essay1673 Words   |  7 Pagesterritorial operations of this law, yet they could be significant just when supported with provisions which recognizes orders and warrants for Information issued by capable authorities outside their purview and measure for cooperation’s for trade of material and evidences of cyber violations between law implementation organizations. Normally the jurisdiction of a court is identified with the place where the offense is committed. 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India has also been a member of World Trade Organisation (WTO) since 1995; and all the signatory nations to WTO are bound to include some IP protection in their national laws. 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In this age of mass media, individual privacy has become a casualty of journalists’ feeding frenzy and it has become really hard for societies to determine the nature and process of information in the public domain. In this article I reflect on the problem in Nepal’s contextRead MoreCybercrime and Its Impact in Bangladesh7186 Words   |  29 Pages 8 4.1.3 Pornography 8 4.1.4 Defamation 9 4.1.5 E- mail spoofing 9 4.1

Hitler Became Chancellor in January free essay sample

It signified unity and support behind a cause – unseen since the beginning of the Great War. No longer were nationalists vying for the implausible return of a Kaiser, but joining behind Hitler. Furthermore Nazi support far exceeded that of the parties on the fragmented Left. Whilst in 1930 the SPD retained their lead on the NSDAP by two million votes, in 1932 the Nazi vote was almost double of the SPD’s, with 7 million more votes. By leading the most popular party, Hitler had the confidence of almost 14 million people which was an undeniable force. Then again, Hitler had not gained the 50% majority needed to become Chancellor. Democracy did not bring Hitler to power and 63. 6% of Germans had not voted for Hitler. Debatably, it was only a protest vote. The loss of two million votes from the July to the November 1932 elections demonstrates how the popularity of the party was perhaps more a symbolic facade which Hitler took advantage of. We will write a custom essay sample on Hitler Became Chancellor in January or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Some would argue that it was not the quantity of supporters that brought him power but the importance of individual groups. Having Nazi supporters in crucial interest groups such as industrialists, the army and Hindenburg’s own family was also important for funding and for political sway. Most important of these was popularity in military circles. Essentially the army’s acquiescence and partial support for Nazis meant that when the SA surrounded Berlin in January 1933 threatening to seize power, Wilhelmstra? e was left with little choice. There was as many as four times the number of Stormtroopers as Reichswehr, although the army had machine guns and flame throwers. The most pressing fact was that General von Hammerstein had told Hindenburg that many soldiers may refuse to obey an order to crush the SA. Whilst the threat of a violent coup pressurized government, that the army was not loyal arguably made Hitler’s appointment inevitable. Ruth Henig argues that it wasn’t the strength of its enemies that brought down the Republic as much as the striking absence of its friends. Not quite a â€Å"Republic without Republicans†, but the political naivety of both parties and individuals in failing to cooperate was a considerable factor in Nazi success. Specifically, the SPD’s refusal as one of the strongholds of democracy: in November 1932 the left combined had 13. 5 million votes, whereas the right had 12 million. By uniting, the Communists and Socialists had potentially the ability to overrule the Nationalists. Stalin’s preference of Hitler over the SPD, who he believed were the real enemy, ensured complete disunity. Arguably a more decisive factor was Von Papen’s active role. His plan to â€Å"frame in† the Nazis to utilize their mass support and then dispense with Hitler was short-sighted and naive. Meeting with Kurt Von Schroder, Papen not only in turn helped solve the Nazi financial debts to ensure the continuation of the party, but presented an opportunity to Hitler which he otherwise would not have been offered. Papen convinced Hindenburg the Nazi support could be harnessed and that its ambitions and extremist policies contained through safety features. The President agreed to only meet with Hitler when the Vice Chancellor, Von Papen, was present. Only two cabinet ministers were included. By offering this, Von Papen made perhaps the most fatal underestimation of the 20th century. He had had the responsibility of being decisive, thorough and unfaltering when Hindenburg could not be and so his weak acceptance of Hitler’s demands – when he was perhaps not even in a position to demand – is surely a cause of Hitler’s appointment. Debatably, this arrangement was a production of Hitler’s own political skill as opposed to, or as well as, Papen’s great failure. Hitler’s opportunism, vehement desire for power and ability to manipulate people was crucial for his success. Meeting with Von Papen in December 1932, he resolutely demanded the Chancellorship. Whereas Strasser faltered in making botched agreements with Von Schleicher for a lesser position, Hitler held out against odds. Additionally Hitler’s chameleon nature meant that he was successfully demanding with Von Papen, yet very respectful with Hindenburg, bowing down to him publicly. Popularity got Hitler through the door, but Hitler’s opportunism and manipulation brought his triumph. In summary, Nazi popularity gave Hitler the advantage. It offered him access to Germany’s leaders so that he was able to exploit the scheming nature of Von Papen and ailing of Hindenburg. Nevertheless, Hitler failed to command a majority and thus his appointment of Chancellor was left to the decisions of incapable and self-seeking men. Perhaps Hitler succeeded because in that dire political situation, those in power could not ignore Hitler’s strength. However the President’s and Papen’s inadequacy and underestimation of Hitler in the face of his resounding obstinacy, as well as the threat his Stormtroopers, were the decisive forces.

Rights of the Children Essay Example For Students

Rights of the Children Essay During the first decade of the twentieth century, a group of young Italian painters united together, under the influence of poet Filippo Tommaso Marinetti. Before creating their new style, these painters embraced the ideas of Marinettis The Foundation and Manisfesto of Futurism which appeared in the newspaper Le Figaro on February 20, 1909 Tisdall 7. His manifesto of futurism was primarily concerned with peotry, but artists such as Boccioni, Balla, and Severini used his ideas and applied them to painting and sculpture. The Museum of Modern Art holds Umberto Boccionis Dynamism of a Soccer Player, 1913, a fine example of the Futurist vision. In his Futurist Painting: A Technical Manifesto, Boccioni tells us that the growing need of truth is no longer satisfied with Form and Colour as they have been understood hitherto. The gesture which we would reproduce on canvas shall no longer be a fixed moment in universal dynamism. It shall be the dynamic sensation itself Apollonio 27. This goal of creating the dynamic sensation itself, rather than simply a fixed moment within a dynamic action is exemplified, among other ideas of the Futurist movement in Boccionis Dynamism of a Soccer Player. Before going further however, it is necessary to discuss some of the principles of Futurism as created by Marinetti. Marinettis The Founding and Manifesto of Futurism is a work which begins like a work of poetry, and deals with the celebration with the technology, the future, and the machine, while rejecting the natural world and the past. Marinetti despises the sounds created by canals muttering feeble prayers, and the creaking bones of sickly palaces, while he embraces the famished roar of automobiles Apollonio 19-20. He orders us to shake the gates of life, and instead, test the bolts and hinges Apollonio 20. To Marinetti, technology and the machine, such as the automobiles, are to be embraced and celebrated for its speed and beauty. No longer is a natural landscape beautiful, rather the worlds magnificence has been enriched by a new beauty: the beauty of speed. A racing car whose hood is adorned with great pipes, like serpents of explosive breath à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" a roaring car that seems to ride on grapeshot is seen as more beautiful than any romantic painting Apollonio 21. In addition to celebrating the machine, the Futurist movement represents a striding towards the future. This is accomplished by rejecting all of the past, even going as far as saying that it is harmful. Marinetti instructs his followers to destroy the museums, libraries, academies of every kind Apollonio 22. He explains that it is damaging for an artist to daily visit museums, libraries, and academies, calling them cemeteries of empty exertion, Calvaries of crucified dreams, registries of aborted beginnings! Apollonio 23. Umberto Boccioni was a follower of Marinetti, and used his ideas to create his own manifesto, Futurist Painting: Technical Manifesto, which contains the ideas and objectives manifested in Dynamism of a Soccer Player. The Italian movement represents a celebration of the machine and technology, embracing speed and dynamism. Paintings in this style utilize contrasting complementary colors, triangular patterns, and repeated patterns in order to simulate movement and feverish speed. Boccionis work combines many elements of modern art, for instance, the geometric design of the Cubist, Neo-Impressionism pointillist brushstrokes, and vivid coloration. Though the painting does not contain a machine in a technical sense, it is still a work inspired by the writings of Marinetti. Concerning the idea of the beauty of speed, Boccioni is successful in creating a work which has a very quick and dynamic feel to it. He chose a soccer player as his subject, and rather than painting him in the traditional sense, the subject is portrayed in a manner as to show movement and dynamism. .u7ba76d79201b34335dbbd4f8404b0198 , .u7ba76d79201b34335dbbd4f8404b0198 .postImageUrl , .u7ba76d79201b34335dbbd4f8404b0198 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7ba76d79201b34335dbbd4f8404b0198 , .u7ba76d79201b34335dbbd4f8404b0198:hover , .u7ba76d79201b34335dbbd4f8404b0198:visited , .u7ba76d79201b34335dbbd4f8404b0198:active { border:0!important; } .u7ba76d79201b34335dbbd4f8404b0198 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7ba76d79201b34335dbbd4f8404b0198 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7ba76d79201b34335dbbd4f8404b0198:active , .u7ba76d79201b34335dbbd4f8404b0198:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7ba76d79201b34335dbbd4f8404b0198 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7ba76d79201b34335dbbd4f8404b0198 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7ba76d79201b34335dbbd4f8404b0198 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7ba76d79201b34335dbbd4f8404b0198 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7ba76d79201b34335dbbd4f8404b0198:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7ba76d79201b34335dbbd4f8404b0198 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7ba76d79201b34335dbbd4f8404b0198 .u7ba76d79201b34335dbbd4f8404b0198-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7ba76d79201b34335dbbd4f8404b0198:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Gardner'S Grendel EssayBoccionis goal was to show thedynamic sensation itself, and not simply the fixed moment in universal dynamism Apollonio 27. This is accomplished by painting the figure, especially his leg, numerous times, because on account of the persistency of an image upon the retina, moving objects constantly multiply themselves Apollonio 28. The soccer player appears to start out on the right side of the canvas, and then run into the depths of the upper left corner. This feeling is also created by the shapes and colors used. There appears to be a trail of light going into the upper left corner of the painting which gives the impression that the figure is feverishly running off. The triangular shapes surrounding the figure give the painting a cyclical feel, and also give the figure a sense of rapid movement. Boccioni wanted to create this feeling of speed and dynamism, for he believed in the Futurist idea of striding into the future, and not looking back into the past. The shapes within this work give it a Cubist quality, but it contains much more vibrant coloration and sense of movement. Boccioni created with vibrant and complemetary colors in Dynamism of a Soccer Player. The colors used for the figure and the surrounding areas of purples, blues, reds, greens, yellows, and oranges are appropriate for a painting celebrating the future and technology. They appear to be unnatural and coming from a modern unnatural source of light. In his manifesto, Boccioni delclares that innate complemetariness is an absolute necessity in painting and that the time has passed for our sensations in painting to be whispered. We wish them in the future to sing and re-echo upon our canvases in deafening and triumphant flourishes Apollonio 29. The complementary colors used also contribute to the dynamism of the work in a similar way that the juxtaposed complemetaries used by the Impressionists create a flicker and sense of movement. Boccionis Dynamism of a Soccer Player is a work which is an appropriate example of the manifestation of the Futurist ideals proposed by Marinetti. With its appearance of speed, sense of striding toward the future, and aggressive character, this work is the embodiment of Futurism.

Mobility and General Behaviour Workplace Bullyting

Question: Describe about the Mobility and General Behaviour for Workplace Bullyting. Answer: Introduction: Bullying in the workplace is any one particular incident that affects the mind and health of the victim. The act of abusing an employee by the employer or the seniors or by other members in the workplace verbally or physically and repeatedly affecting the physical health and mental conditions of the victims is the bullying at workplace (Oxford Brookes University, 2016). The bullying could be verbally done repeatedly on a single employee. The bullying can be very dangerous if continued for a longer period of time. The workplace bullying can also take place for a student or intern who might not be permanently employed in the organizations where he/she is practicing her course. The case study is about a nurse who is a third year undergraduate nurse on clinical placement at American University Hospital Emergency Department (ED) feels that she has been bullied by her preceptor or the instructor (Psha, 2010). Three of the incidents have been described in the case study where it becomes clear that she has been bullied but in her case the bullying did nit continue for more than three days as she has taken the issue to the Nursing Unit Manager who has asked her to complete an incident report. Different aspects of bullying have been discussed in this essay along with the rights and responsibilities of both the employer and employees in the workplace and the behaviour of the members of the organization. The discussion ends with conclusion and recommendations for future practices (humanrights, 2011). Discussion: Bullying in the workplace: The verbal and non-verbal abuse of the employees including physical and psychological abuses that could have severe consequences on the physical health of the victim who has been bullied is the action of bullying. If that abuse takes place in the workplace then it is considered to be bullying at workplace (Deakin, 2016). Any one particular incident could not be considered to be bullying but if that gets continued and the victim gets adversely affected by such actions then it is to be considered as bullying. The employer, seniors and even the co-workers could bully a single employee or more. The workplace bullying can take place any time with anyone and this could affect not only the employees but also the apprentices or the volunteers (Namie, Christensen, Phillips, 2014). The bullying could be done through verbal remarks addressing the victim or through physical assaults. The bullying in the case study has been done verbally by the instructor who has been observed to have made fun of the intern nurse when she has been asked the procedures of checking the areas of bleeding in case of a patient suffering from leukaemia. Again it is seen from the case study that the instructor making fun of her in front of the team leader. The intern nurse was not invited to the clinical debrief at which she felt to be ignored. Another incident when she was just treated as she knew nothing how to treat the emergency patient and she was asked to step back. That point of time also she felt as if she was not a part of the team handling the patient. All these made her feel to be bullied. According to the human rights legislations the repeated actions of bullying someone in the workplace could be harmful for the mental condition of the victim. Continuous harassments and making fun of the victim could make her/him feel mentally down and could make the victim to avoid the workplace as it is seen in the case day when the nurse on the fourth day told the unit manager that she would be coming as she felt she was being bullied (Regional Skill Training, 2016). The workplace bullying could be even more dangerous where the victims could even be threatened with harmful objects. The humiliation that the victims feel might affect the psychological balance. The victims at the workplace deserve to be respected. Bullying in the workplace could be repeated and irrational behaviours of the employers or the other members at the place of work (Plonien, 2016). Rights and responsibilities of the employer and employees: There are certain rights and responsibilities on the part of both the employers and employees in the workplace. It is the duty of the employer not to indulge any of such incidents in the workplace by maintaining a healthy working environment. The employer has to understand the risks that are associated with such bullying and the risk on the health of the victims have to be accounted for. The system of work has to be safe. The employer should arrange for proper training for the managers and the personnel in the senior positions regarding the retention of safe and healthy working environment at the workplace (Branch, Ramsay, Barker, 2013). There are certain legislations that should be followed by the entire organization and it has to be duly monitored by the employers and the managers. The employers must invigilate the working conditions so that no employee gets physically sick or mentally down because of such abusive conducts. The employer should implement proper and effective measur e to control such situations and strict disciplines must also be there to enhance the values of the workplace (safeworkaustralia, 2016). The employees also have to be sensible and should not bully any co-worker. If any worker feels that he or she has been bullied must approach the senior authority with the issue. The employees must be sensible to their own health conditions and on that of the other members. The instructions given by the law and the employers must be strictly followed at the workplace (Rocker, 2012). The rational conducts of the employees are highly expected. It is the joint effort of the employers and employees to maintain healthy and safe working environment at the workplace. The training of the employees must be taken seriously. The employees must cooperate with others and should try to help the ones who have been bullied. The issues are needed to be highlighted as silence and reluctance could result into serious irreparable issues (Okechukwu, Souza, Davis, Castro, 2013). Identification of the process a staff member or student should follow when the behavior of a colleague is affecting their work. The workplace bullying is a very common incident in the modern world be it in any sector. This also happens in the healthcare sector also where every now and then an employee is bullied by his or her manager or supervisor. When this behavior comes from a colleague who is at the same level of functioning, then the insult is much more to the employee who is being bullied(NSW Governmnet, 2016). In this regard it can be said that workplace misconduct with colleagues is an offence but many of the employees resort to it owing to strict rules and regulations in some organizations that restrict the nurturing of such behavior. The organization needs to have stringent rules and regulation policies to control workplace bullying and the HR needs to assume a key role in order to ensure that these incidents do not happen at workplace (Victoria State Government , 2016). If such incidents occur at the workplace then, the HR should ensure that the employees those are the victims of such workplace bul lying are dealt with empathy and then they are provided adequate opportunity to make their concerns known to the management through the HR. The HR should form a committee in order to start enquiry against such complaints those were registered by the victimized employees. The other options those are generally available to the bullied or harassed employees are that the employees those are the victims of harassment, discrimination and bullying might seek the assistance of the Workplace Contact Officers at the regional and head office levels(GOV.UK, 2016). The Workplace Contact Officers are entrusted with the duty of drawing on the existing policies and norms for the purpose of providing confidential and impartial discussion with the affected employees and guide them on the possible formal and informal options that the employees might choose to arrive at a resolution (University of York, 2016). The Employee Assistance Program or EAP is a function that is designed by the management in or der to provide resolutions to the employees those are victims of workplace misconduct. The program provides confidential counseling to the affected employees and suggests them ways of resolution. Analysis and justification of what has occurred in the scenario provided. In the given scenario a third year undergraduate nurse placed at the American University Hospital Emergency Department on a clinical placement has been the unfortunate victim of workplace bullying by her preceptor Morgan Lane. On the day when the nursing student had to accompany the proceedings in the ED owing to shortage of staffs, she was being mistreated and humiliated at the workplace by her instructor Morgan. She was made to go through all the details of the various processes like infection control, WHS, mandatory reporting and the modules on aggression management from the workplace computer. This was her work for the first shift and the preceptor was supposed to approach her for the second shift but she did not. At the time of the handover in the next morning when the team leader asked that who was working with the student for the day, then Morgan humiliatingly replied to the team leader that she was stuck with the student and laughed at her. This was an embarrassment for the s tudent who was still in the learning phase and took this very offensively. On the second day the student had to look after two patients, one was having a 11 year old girl with Leukemia and the second bed she had to attend to was occupied by a two year old boy who had croup. While attending to both of them the student was bullied and humiliated by Morgan who called her a walking textbook sarcastically when she shared her knowledge on release of thromboplastin from platelets when she was asked about where to look for the bleeding in the girl. Regarding the boy who had croup, Morgan asked her what she knew about croup but when she was about to reply Morgan stopped her and instructed her to ensure that the parents of the boy had some breakfast. This was an insulting way of behavior. On the third day while she was tending to a male pneumonia patient, then Morgan came and abused her by saying that she did a reckless job in the CPR method and said her to step aside and that Morgan and Dr. Trent Michael would do the process. She was made to stand and observe the re suscitation. This left her feeling humiliated and ignored. On the fourth day, the student refused to come to the centre and informed that to the Nursing Unit Manager that she was being bullied. The NUM instructed her to file an incident report such that they could provide resolutions through enquiry. The analysis shows bullying at workplace and the student had to file the incident report detailing all the issues clearly. This would ensure that the management takes proper steps against Morgan is there is sufficient evidence and reason found by the committee on the issue. The committee will then take action against Morgan for behaving in an unapproved manner with the third year student. The committee might take action against Morgan as this was a clear case of workplace bullying but there need to be substantial evidence for that. If the evidences are not enough to take punitive actions, then the committee might just warn Morgan and let her know that if future complaints arrive then the committee will take exemplary action against her. Conclusions and recommendations for future practice. The conclusion shows that Morgan, the preceptor was behaving in the most unethical manner with the nursing student and it was a case of workplace bullying. The recommendations can be made looking at the details of the case. It can be said that to minimize these kinds of cases, the hospitals need to have EAP as discussed where the employees as well as the intern students can raise their concerns. The Workplace Contact Officers also need to assume greater responsibilities to resolve these issues. The employees or interns those are bullied need to report the case without any fear and should clearly write up an incident report detailing every details of the behaviour of the manager or supervisor. Most of the times the resolutions are provided and justice is meted out to the victim of workplace bullying. References: Branch, S., Ramsay, S., Barker, M. (2013). Workplace Bullying, Mobbing and General Harassment: A Review. International Journal of Management Reviews Volume 15, Issue 3; https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1468-2370.2012.00339.x/abstract , 280-299. Deakin. (2016). Managers role in the risk management of workplace stress. Retrieved from deakin.edu: https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/health-and-wellbeing/occupational-health-and-safety/health-and-wellbeing/work-related-stress/managers-role-in-the-risk-management-of-workplace-stress GOV.UK. (2016). Taking disciplinary action against an employee. Dismissing staff and redundancies ;https://www.gov.uk/taking-disciplinary-action/writing-disciplinary-proceedings , 1-23. humanrights. (2011). Workplace bullying: Violence, Harassment and Bullying Fact sheet. Retrieved from humanrights: https://www.humanrights.gov.au/workplace-bullying-violence-harassment-and-bullying-fact-sheet Namie, G., Christensen, D., Phillips, D. (2014). WORKPLACE BULLYING. 2014 WBI U.S. Workplace Bullying Survey ; https://workplacebullying.org/multi/pdf/WBI-2014-US-Survey.pdf , 1-19. NSW Governmnet. (2016). Code of Conduct. NSW DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION AND COMMUNITIES; https://www.det.nsw.edu.au/media/downloads/about-us/how-we-operate/code-of-conduct/codeofconduct-guide.pdf , 1-38. Okechukwu, C. A., Souza, K., Davis, K. D., Castro, A. B. (2013). Discrimination, Harassment, Abuse and Bullying in the Workplace: Contribution of Workplace Injustice to Occupational Health Disparitiese. Discrimination, Harassment, Abuse and Bullying in the Workplace: Contribution of Workplace Injustice to Occupational Health Disparities Am J Ind Med. 2014 May; 57(5); https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3884002/ , 573-586. Oxford Brookes University. (2016). Code of conduct for staff. Oxford Brookes University, Wheatley Campus, Wheatley,; https://www.brookes.ac.uk/services/hr/handbook/terms_conditions/conduct.html , 1-32. Plonien, C. (2016). Bullying in the Workplace: A Leadership Perspective. Bullying in the Workplace: A Leadership Perspective Volume 103, Issue 1; https://www.aornjournal.org/article/S0001-2092(15)01027-3/abstract , 107-110. PSHSA. (2010). Bullying in the Workplace: A Handbook for the Workplace. Pubilc Services Health Safety Association (PSHSA); https://www.pshsa.ca/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/BullyWkplace.pdf , 1-44. Regional Skill Training. (2016). Working effectively within the workplace and with others. Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations; https://www.regionalskillstraining.com/sites/default/files/content/WEWO%20Book%201.pdf , 1-25. Rocker, C. F. (2012). Responsibility of a Frontline Manager Regarding Staff Bullying. Online Hiournal of Issues in Nursing, vol 17; https://www.nursingworld.org/MainMenuCategories/ANAMarketplace/ANAPeriodicals/OJIN/TableofContents/Vol-17-2012/No3-Sept-2012/Articles-Previous-Topics/Responsibility-of-Manager-Re-Bullying.html , 1-2. Safeworkaustralia. (2016, may). Guide for preventing and responding to workplace bullying. Retrieved from safeworkaustralia: https://www.safeworkaustralia.gov.au/sites/SWA/about/Publications/Documents/827/Guide-preventing-responding-workplace-bullying.pdf University of York. (2016). Disciplinary procedure and guidelines. Retrieved from york.ac: https://www.york.ac.uk/admin/hr/resources/policy/disciplinary/#tab1 Victoria State Government . (2016). Guidelines for Managing Complaints, Misconduct and Unsatisfactory Performance in the VPS. Guidelines for Managing Complaints, Misconduct and Unsatisfactory Performance in the VPS; https://www.education.vic.gov.au/hrweb/Documents/Complaints_Misconduct_and_Unsatisfactory-Performance_VPS.pdf , 1-52.

Job Design, Work, and Motivation

Abstract The job design will influence effective satisfaction of employees in all work assignment they perform. Each company has its own ways of motivating its employees and specific job design. The company whose job design and motivation analyzed is HSBC bank. The abbreviation HSBC in full is Hongkong and Shangai Banking Company.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Job Design, Work, and Motivation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Motivation aspects of this banking company were based on good working environment for its employees. The HSBC bank had initial objective of being the local bank that served and fulfilled the needs of the local people. This became to be one of the driving forces for the preference of the bank by many customers. The main reason of job design and motivation of the company is basically for time management. All these enhance effective operations and improve performance of the employees. The employee performance in the job place is instrumental as this enables the management to adopt smart ways of working. The bank had developed team building with proper focus on the alignment and coordination of meetings. The meetings are source of strength and motivation for all the employees. For sustainability, HSBC bank is very effective in long term management of business and is spread across the world in many countries. The wide expansion enables large profits. The large profits proved that the management system and its leadership could be trusted hence more development process. The HSBC bank has an outstanding performance and this further increased its market size. The market size increased with specific population in many branches both locally and abroad making more investment moves. Even in the most economic hard times, most customers had made deposits in the bank which resulted in large investment capital. The large investment calls for effective job design and motivation. I ntroduction Managing people in work place is an essential part on the management process. For instance, the importance of workers in an organization setting is noted that organization and human element are synonymous. The organization should look at the employee as the major source of improvement.Advertising Looking for term paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This is because the employees fulfill goals of any given company. In order to enhance effective job design and motivation in an organization, there must be full commitment of both the employees and the employer to find ways in which such can be implemented effectively (Robertson Smith1985). Motivation and work design deals with conscious behavior of human in away of energizing and sustaining work performance in time. Problem Statement The statement of the problem is to identify certain roles of work design and motivation that must be applied in the effective management for a successful business. This gives various aspects of job design because it is the work arrangement or rearrangement aimed at reducing job dissatisfaction and alienation of employee which comes about as a result of mechanistic and repetitive work talks. The job design is incorporated because efficiency and accountability is very helpful in an organization. This has called for the need to verify certain motivational structures both for the employees and the investors in order to maintain their supportive gesture to the company (Robertson Smith1985). This creation of informed workforce will automatically facilitate business output. In simple terms, the problem of understanding one another is eliminated and development of trust comes up strongly in support of business. The HBRC bank ensures this challenging component of administrative process is fixed at the right way. The importance of the problem to the organization is that they have been able to analyze their performance. In this analysis, motivation at the work place would be an important aspect of management to be respected by both the teams. HSBC bank Company is able to engage with the senior executives that enable the employees and their leaders to get respective promotion. It is important to study this problem because normally it affects relationship on employee expectancy with work performance. Background of the Company HSBC Bank is a subsidiary owned by HSBC holdings. Its business operations range from commercial banking to personal finance, investment and corporate banking to private banking services. The bank is ranked top in Britain as the best financial institution among the five big banks.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Job Design, Work, and Motivation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This is because customers have developed trust in the bank and more deposits are placed in the bank than thos e taking loans. The loan to deposit ratio is approximated to be 90 percent. This is a high figure and the capital investment is used in expansion of more branches. It is from this consumer trust that the banking company has had higher investment returns because they are able to utilize the funds for further expansion. The expansion is done by opening of more branches and this made it to be one of the largest banking groups globally. The bank fully funds its operations which enabled its continuous growth since its inception in 1865. Its development was boosted by acquisition of Midland Bank Group dated back in 1992. In addition, to consolidate its base and expansion, it also purchased Frances’s Credit Commercial de France S.A. Currently is CCF S.A. This purchase was done in the year 2000. All these were some of the ways of enhancing its expansion process. The bank success is due to the combined effort of the management in liaison with the Non- governmental organizations, emplo yees and engaging with governments with their regulatory policies in order to offer a favorable environment for the business. Profile of the company The operation of HSBC Bank is in many countries which are approximately to be more than eighty territories globally. The Bank provides financial services to more than one hundred million customers in the whole world. The success of the bank majorly depends on the satisfaction of customers and strong commitment and engagement of employees. This engagement improves motivation and creates good relations and working environment.Advertising Looking for term paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The company was selected because it had all the potential information pegged on its job design, the nature of work and motivational aspects of business performance. HSBC Bank is also an international company that has had numerous operation experiences and has developed good customer relations. The management system has proved to be very successful in many areas from investment and expansion to good leadership which is worth emulated. Discussion On the discussion of job design, work and motivation, the HSBC Company has shown greater aspects that relates to the general manner of its operations. This company has incorporated well the desired step to have a better work design. These include building effective percentage of time in the description of the jobs in the company. It ensures that individual employees understand the concepts clearly and very well for successful implementation of business ideas. There is also budgeting of time into to effect learning and development of skills in any job that the company does. This company has actually utilized this provision and had a well balanced timing in the way of operations. The job design was enhanced through creating of time for project development. This project development was realized through creation of more branches and as a result the HSBC Bank had branches in more than eighty countries. The management is very effective as well as the front office staff. This brings out good job design to the company because the chief executive of the HSBC Bank was able to champion the priorities of the bank to the respective governments in various countries where the bank had opened braches. This facilitated the operations and resulted as one of the best ways of creating job design. The network enabled smooth operations without any political interference in most of the countries and this enhanced positive public view on trusting the financial institution. In optimizing on the time expenditure in major company events, HSBC Ban k facilitated this through creation of timely events in their group meetings. The timely event in management ensures good job design and therefore enhances management strategy (Robbins Judge 2009). The company had well job descriptions on how time ought to be spent in the work. This gave out clear outline and the type of work that an individual is able to accomplish within a given period of time. This division of duties and job specialization enable effective performance with no strain at all on the side of employees in most instances (Gibson, Ivanchevich, Donnelly Konopaske, 2003). In reinforcing the work performance, the HSBC Company ensured that time management was of the essence as this is the backbone of the major success factors that the company must adhere to. In addition, the accomplishment of duties must be done systematically with current tasks given first priority before any other job is allocated. This completion of pending work will create sufficient time to avoid bei ng late with the urgent items that have got limited days to finish. Motivation of employees is of great importance because from the school of human relations, businesses are taken as social systems where productivity is influenced by emotional and psychological factors. It is very important to be positively oriented when doing something in order to achieve the set goals and reach the expectations. Nothing good comes easy and this is a universal truth. This is realized in the company because the employees are not discriminated and their recruitment is done irrespective of gender, age, disability or ethnicity. It is from this initial take that employees are motivated by the good management approach. In general aspects, job performance is based on motivation and ability of the employees. The ability will depend on the experience, education and effective training of the employees. Motivation according to various human resources can be improved faster. The various strategies for motivati on that the company must have put into consideration are: having high expectations or reinforcement of employees (Adair, 2009). The employee’s efforts must be appreciated in terms of rewards and recognitions of their good work. Secondly, motivation comes as a result of effective discipline. This is very instrumental in HSBC Bank. Fair treatment of persons is another contributing factor in the work environment motivation (Adair, 2009). Fair treatment of people or employees is another important challenge that the companies are looking for. The employees of HSBC Bank are treated fairly during the work. This create good working environment for all the employees and hence effective delivery throughout. In the same way, the company is able to satisfy the needs of the employees. Motivation is also realized when there are set work related goals and the restructuring of jobs for effective handling of ideas and issues. The restructuring is done through identification of the employeeâ⠂¬â„¢s talents and doing the appropriate allocation of duties. The HSBC Bank practiced this in their system of management whereby restricting of the work was done and expansion of more branches of the bank was done successfully. The final motivational strategy is through rewards on good performance. Reward makes the employees to work tirelessly because of the anticipated benefits that can come by. In this financial institution, the bank offered very competitive package as reward and other carrier development chances within the strong organization that has sound values. The motivation principle of employee too brings out good organizational environment with effective productivity. In HSBC Bank, there is an annual peace survey done globally and this acts as one measure for employee satisfaction and engagement. A bout 81% confirmed that they were very happy about working with the HSBC Bank. The employees are allowed to participate in local volunteering programs. There are investments i nitiatives for the employees who are community based and enable them to be involved and share their expertise accordingly. Conclusion This study has actually revealed that there are correlations that exist within job design, satisfaction and commitments. There is no difference in the motivation of professional and even non professionals who worked in the HSBC Bank. All employees were treated with equal respect and this facilitated their love for work irrespective of individual status. The bank being the best performing institution enabled good environment for job performance. The problem of job design, work and motivation is also seen as synonymous and in most cases they cannot be implemented independently. In other areas, it is reflected that importance of workers in an organization is crucial as this enables the company to implement its functions without any failure. HSBC Bank managed to offer continuous positive feedback for its employees. The rapid expansion of the organization is very handy in ensuring that proper human resource program is put into measure. The studies have also reflected that proper communication and reward system has played major role in motivation for the employees who are all able to commit more time in the management process. The outstanding performance of the bank promotes its market size and consequently more expansion. This expansion created more international branches where all the investments are spread. In addition to the efficient work, the bank enables the employees to enjoy their work through such motivations. Further more, more than 81% of employees are willing and able to work at the company due to the given motivation. The future work motivation is expected to continue so that the company continues in attracting deposits. Finally, the work design and motivation is very important in all the management process of all the companies. References Adair, J. (2009). Leadership and Motivation: The fifty- fifty rule and the eight k ey principles of motivating others. London: Kogan Page. Gibson, J., Ivanchevich, J., Donnelly J. Konopaske, R. (2003). Organizations’ Behavior, Structure, Processes. New York, NY: McGraw Hill. Robbins, S. Judge, T. (2009). Organization Behavior. (13th ed.). New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Robertson, T. Smith ,M. (1985). Motivation and Job Design: Theory, research and practice. New York, NY: Hyperion Books. This term paper on Job Design, Work, and Motivation was written and submitted by user Bennett Cabrera to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Biography of Artist Romare Bearden

Biography of Artist Romare Bearden   Overview Visual artists Romare Bearden portrayed African-American life and culture in various artistic mediums. Bearden’s work as a cartoonist, painter, and collage artist spanned the Great Depression and post-Civil Rights Movement. Following his death in 1988, The New York Times wrote in its obituary of Bearden that he was â€Å"one of America’s most pre-eminent artists† and â€Å"the nation’s foremost collagist.† Achievements Established the 306 Group, an organization for African-American artists in Harlem.Co-wrote the jazz classic, â€Å"Sea Breeze,† which was later recorded by Billy Eckstine and Dizzy Gillespie.Elected to the American Academy of Arts and Letters in 1966.Elected to the National Institute of Arts and Letters in 1972.Elected to the National Academy of Design as an associate member in 1978.Awarded the National Medal of Arts in 1987.Established the Bearden Foundation to provide support to young visual artists.Listed as one of Molefi Kete Asante’s 100 Greatest African Americans. Early Life and Education Romare Bearden was born on September 9, 1912 in Charlotte, N.C.   At an early age, Bearden’s family moved to Harlem. His mother, Bessye Bearden was the New York editor for the Chicago Defender. Her work as a social activist allowed Bearden to be exposed to artists of the Harlem Renaissance at an early age. Bearden studied art at New York University and as a student, he drew cartoons for the humor magazine, Medley. During this time, Bearden also freelanced with newspapers such as Baltimore Afro-American, Collier’s, and the Saturday Evening Post, publishing political cartoons and drawings. Bearden graduated from New York University in 1935. Life as an Artist Throuhgout Bearden’s career as an artist, he was heavily influenced by African-American life and culture as well as jazz music. Following his graduation from New York University, Bearden was attending the Art Students League and working with expressionist George Grosz. It was during this time that Bearden became an abstract collage artist and painter. Bearden’s early paintings often depicted African-American life in the South. His artistic style was influenced heavily by muralists such as Diego Rivera and Jose Clemente Orozco. By the 1960s, Bearden was innovative art works that incorporated acrylics, oils, tiles, and photographs. Bearden was heavily influenced by 20th century artistic movements such as cubism, social realism and abstraction. By the 1970s, Bearden continued to depict African-American life through the use of ceramic tilings, paintings and collage. For instance, in 1988, Bearden’s collage â€Å"Family,† inspired a larger artwork that was installed at the Joseph P. Addabbo Federal Building in New York City. Bearden was also heavily influenced by the Caribbean in his work. The lithograph â€Å"Pepper Jelly Lady,† portrays a woman selling pepper jelly in front of a wealthy estate. Documenting African-American Artistry In addition to his work as an artist, Bearden wrote several books on African-American visual artists. In 1972, Bearden coauthored â€Å"Six Black Masters of American Art† and â€Å"A History of African-American Artists: From 1792 to Present† with Harry Henderson. In 1981, he wrote â€Å"The Painter’s Mind† with Carl Holty. Personal Life and Death Bearden died on March 12, 1988 from complications from bone marrow. He was survived by his wife, Nanete Rohan. Legacy In 1990, Bearden’s widow established The Romare Bearden Foundation. The purpose was to preserve and perpetuate the legacy of this preeminent American artist.   In Bearden’s hometown, Charlotte, there is a street named in his honor along with a collage of glass tiles called â€Å"Before Dawn† at the local library and the Romare Bearden Park.

The Early Moral development of Huck Magnanimous Huck

The Early Moral development of Huck Magnanimous Huck Free Online Research Papers The Early Moral development of Huck Magnanimous Huck The Adventure of Huckleberry Finn can be read as the story of Huck’s moral development. The essay traces this development by focusing on the following† the influence of Huck’s early education in Hannibal, Missouri; the teachings and behavior of his birth father, Pap; and Lessons he learns through his relationship with Jim. Huck grew up as an outcast with his abusive father pap. He distrusts the morality of the society because it could not protect him from his abused childhood and also treats him like an outcast. Huck chooses to â€Å"go to hell† rather than follow society’s rules and â€Å"go to heaven†. He has been treated as an outcast for so long that he develops the concept of coming to a decision through intense introspection. Huck bases his decisions on his past experience and his conscience; he is untainted by the influences of society. In the novel, Mark Twain depicts a hypocritical society; the people in the novel go to church, and preach for salvation; however, they do not see the cruelty of Society. Aunt Sally provides the perfect example for such hypocrisy; she is generous character in the novel yet she also own slaves. Huck lives outside the hypocrisy and he is able to see the wrongs of slavery and society. Pap is very racist and he always tells Huck about how unworthy African American slaves are. Under these influences, Huck also sees the slaves as inferior beings. Though through his journey, Huck develops an intimate relationship with Jim. Even though Huck still could not completely throw off society’s influence on him, he makes the decision of helping Jim at the risk of going to hell. Huck is torn between the outcast world and the civilized world. Adapted by the Widow Douglas, Huck learns that stealing is wrong. However, Pap always tells Huck that stealing is just borrowing. Entangled in this dilemma, Huck decides stealing certain thing is all right but there are certain things that he could not steal. This situation also tells the readers about the society. Society always loathes parents who abuse their children and devoted Christians make their life’s purpose to help people; however, Society also see it fit to abuse slaves and treat them like property. Huck’s father, Pap, is a strong initial influence to Huck; even after he left Huck, his actions still affects Huck’s decisions and values. â€Å"If I never learnt nothing else out of pap, I learnt that the best way to get along with his kind of people is to let them have their own way.† (Pg. 137) Huck was abused by pap when he was a child. These experiences left a scare that will never disappear in Huck’s heart, he learns from pap to fear authorities or adults. Like an abused child, Huck always blames himself and sees himself unworthy. Later in the story, Huck entangles himself in a situation where he has to go against the authorities and help Jim, the runaway slave, escape. Huck is able to overcome his fear of authorities, and his sense of shame to help Jim because he lacks guidance of a â€Å"proper family†, though ironically, he knows better than the adults around him. The King and the Duke are con artists that cause Huck many troubles. However, Huck still wants to warn them when he found out that the town’s people is going to tar them. Huck forgives people easily because he believes that he is wicked himself. Jim is also a great influence to Huck as they traveled down the Missouri River. In the beginning, Huck saw Jim merely as something that keeps him busy. However, through the fog adventure and the Sheperdsons feud. Huck learns that Jim truly cared about him and develops a sense of respect for Jim. From the time Huck meets Jim on Jackson’s island until the end of the novel, Jim acts as a fatherly figure to Huck. He protects Huck from pap’s corpse, he worries about Huck during the misty scene, and he is the first person that taught Huck a valuable value. He taught Huck that every man is equal and love can be inter- racial. Jim truly cared about Huck and did everything in his power to make Huck happy and comfortable. He also worries about Huck whenever Huck is not around. Jim is the true father figure for Huck. Through their trip, Huck develops an intimate relationship with Jim. This relationship with a runaway slave causes Huck’s conscience to battle with the rule of society. Even though Huck knows that society loathes runaway slaves, his conscience tells him that it is right to help Jim. Huck learns from Ms. Watson that such an act is ignominious and he will go to hell for it. Yet, he still helps Jim because he thinks that he is wicked himself and probably deserves to go to hell. Even though this decision is made under the wrong circumstance, it is the morally right decision. In the novel, Mark Twain depicts a society of hypocrisy. Huck is more righteous than any adult in the novel. He learns to read the world around him, to distinguish good, bad, right, and wrong using his own set of logic. It is because that Huck lived as an outcast that he is able to develop an unbiased personality. The apprehension of society and his relationship with Jim lead Huck to question many teachings of society. Huck chooses to go to hell rather than follow the society rules in which he finds false. Mark Twain successfully developed the character Huck, allowing the reader to travel with Huck and observe his moral development. Research Papers on The Early Moral development of Huck Magnanimous HuckComparison: Letter from Birmingham and Crito19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraCapital PunishmentRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenThree Concepts of PsychodynamicThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayMind TravelInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married Males

Effects of Cultural Diversity on the Modern Classroom Essay Example

Effects of Cultural Diversity on the Modern Classroom Essay Example Effects of Cultural Diversity on the Modern Classroom Essay Effects of Cultural Diversity on the Modern Classroom Essay Running Header: CULTURAL DIVERSITY Effects of Cultural Diversity on the Modern Classroom Abstract This paper examines the effects that increasing diversity in the American classroom has had on the teaching profession. With the massive changes in cultural and linguistic minority levels within the classroom, the field of education as a whole has been forced to evolve. This adaptation is necessary for the American education system to maintain the levels of success that it has achieved in years past. Included within this work are personal experiences highlighting my own sensitivity to the increasingly diverse classroom, as well as explicit connections to education experts. The last few decades have seen a notable change to the face of education. No longer are classes predominantly comprised of the cultural or ethnic majority. Classes have grown to reflect the cultural diversity that is prevalent throughout society in the United States. Due to the great change in the face of the classroom today, schools are adapting their instructional strategies to be considerate and respectful of the massive amounts of culture within the classroom. This newly emerging cultural diversity is what is shaping the field of education today. Unlike classrooms throughout history, teachers must now consider cognition, as it is influenced by culture, to determine how to best teach their students. Culture in the classroom does not create nor allow a uniform teaching style anymore. Traditional means of teaching, for all intents and purposes, have gone stale. The drastic increases to the cultural and ethnic diversity in the classroom have paved the way for a new style of instruction. Within the field of educational psychology there are many people working diligently to reveal more about student learning with respect and acknowledgement of each individual studentâ„ ¢s culture. This explosion of discovery, on the part of the psychologists, has revealed that learning and cognition, although varying from person to person, are shaped on a higher level by each individualâ„ ¢s culture (Greenfield Cocking, 1994, p.4). Gardenerâ„ ¢s theory of Multiple Intelligences established precedence for this, as it states that not every person learns in the same fashion. Some students may excel in a lecture-style classroom while other students are more inclined to learn in a hands-on based setting (Eby, Herrel, Jordan, 1994, p.209). This proves the distinct possibility that each student in a classroom will process material differently and, therefore, teachers must work to diversify their instructional approaches to meet the individual needs of the students. In recent years, educational psychologists such as Ruby Takanishi and John Ogbu have acknowledged that this phenomenon of students learning material differently extends beyond the basic capacity for cognition. In addition to needing variation of instruction, students also process information differently. They have concluded that the ability to process information also stems from a studentâ„ ¢s cultural influences. A great example of the variation of cognition dependent on culture comes from Greenfield and Cockingâ„ ¢s Cross-Cultural Roots of Minority Child Development. Within this collection of analyses of education, Jacqueline Jamin utilized the comparison of Inuit children of Canada to Baoule children of the Ivory Coast. In her comparison, Jamin concluded that certain concepts and the acquisition of cognitive skills are stronger in some cultures rather than others (Greenfield Cocking, 1994, p.147). From this analysis, she determined that Inuit children have a greater understanding of the concept of space whereas Baoule children comprehend the concept of quantity on a deeper level. Jamin noted in her summation of this comparison that these differences in cognition are derived from certain aspects of daily life that are highly valued among these cultures (Greenfield Cocking, 1994, p.147). It is facts such as this that teachers must consider when planning and instructing in the dive rse classroom of today. The influence of culture on cognition extends beyond conceptual knowledge of course material. Furthermore, it also extends beyond the two-culture model that compares the Baoule and Inuit children. As Takanishi wrote in her article pertaining to children of Japanese descent, the influence of culture extends far beyond excelling in specific topics or areas. Takanishi described the hardships that students of various Asian heritages face within the classroom. The situation that is illustrated presents the cultural influence pertaining to the respecting of authority figures and elders. In this model, students are often viewed as timid, shy, and reluctant to ask questions (Greenfield Cocking, 1994, p.352). Considering this, a teacher will experience very little success when instructing students of some Asian cultures if they engage them using the Socratic method or a similar approach (Johnson, Musial, Hall, Gollnick, Dupuis, 2008, p.304). In order to experience success in the class room, teachers must be considerate and respectful of different cultures and how it applies to their instruction because a studentâ„ ¢s culture is an engrained aspect of their personality. These two articles from Greenfield and Cockingâ„ ¢s text reveal quite a bit about what profound influence culture possesses over learning. Educational psychologists have revealed much about the scope of influence that culture has over an individualâ„ ¢s learning process. Teaching to a diverse classroom should be given as much respect as teaching to students of varying skills and abilities. Teachers must find a way to reach every student regardless of their skill level or background and experiences. Culture does not hinder a childâ„ ¢s educational performance, it creates a unique opportunity for teachers to personalize their education further to assist all students in their adventures in learning (Slavin, 2009, p.92). The above examples help to illustrate the additional uniqueness that culture adds to each student. Within the classroom there are students who will learn differently, behave differently, and experience success in different subjects. Educators have begun to give consideration to the varying degrees of learning and variation of skills and abilities in recent years. Instructional trends throughout the field of education, such as bilingual education, accommodation, modification, active learning, discovery learning, and many other approaches to teaching, have developed from the recognition of diversity within the classroom. Students who would have traditionally struggled in the former sink or swim types of immersion are finally receiving the necessary attention to assist them in learning (Ovando, Combs, Collier, 2006, p.41). Teachers are becoming better trained for the increased diversity within the classroom. These teachers are the ones who work hard to develop the educational app roaches responsible for the successes in educating culturally, ethnically, and linguistically diverse classrooms. Throughout the Greenfield and Cocking text, the need for sensitivity towards the culture of students is a recurring theme. A simple awareness to a studentâ„ ¢s culture is not enough for a teacher to have when teaching a diverse class. Sensitivity goes beyond awareness, as it is an acknowledgement of the various cultures that may exist and also an accommodation for any cultural needs that may be present. An educator who does not possess the necessary sensitivity to a studentâ„ ¢s cultural needs might not take the initiative, or not know to take the initiative, to meet the varying needs of their students. In both instances of neglect and ignorance the needs of the student, as related to, and a result from, their cultural upbringing, go unmet. Sensitivity to culture can also be interpreted as being knowledgeable and respectful of a studentâ„ ¢s culture to the point where it serves as a reference point for accommodation within the classroom. The action of accommodation should function similar to the way accommodation and modification does for students with disabilities. The theory behind accommodation and modification is basic in scope and thus can, and should, be applied in the instance of diversity. General accommodations already in widespread use include the production of handouts in majority and minority languages, advanced notice of assignments, assistive learning devices, course modifications and many others (Greenfield Cocking, 1994, p.32). With accommodation strategies such as these already employed, it is an easy and logical step to apply them beyond their original, intended scope, and apply them with regard to cultural needs of students. If this is done, the students will receive the added and necessary attention to help increase the quality of learning they are receiving. In achieving this, educators are making it easier for students to process the information presented in the classroom. The sensitivity toward culture is derived from an understanding and knowledge of the various cultures that are represented within the classroom. Although there may be a wide range of cultures within the classroom, teachers should be conscious of the audience that they are instructing (Ovando et al., 2006, p.32). Being aware of your studentsâ„ ¢ cultures will help the teacher maximize the probability of achieving success in the classroom. A teacher with a true understanding of the cultures of his students will be better equipped to teach to the whole, not to the particular. Understanding culture can reveal much about studentâ„ ¢s wants and needs. Furthermore, the teacher will be able to understand their studentsâ„ ¢ mannerisms and body language, a skill that will help prevent any misconceptions of bad behavior or rudeness. This understanding does not just apply to lesson design and instruction, but rather it paves the road for appropriate and constructive student/teach er, parent/teacher, and student/parent/teacher interactions. From 1994 to 1996 the number of linguistic minority students skyrocketed from three million to nearly ten million students (Nieto, 2000). The increased volume of minority language students has had great effects on the education system in the United States. This growth of minority language students has greatly increased the demand for teachers to have an improved awareness of the needs of all of their students. Teachers are not the only aspect of the American education system that has needed to become more modernized to suit the diverse culture of today. The prevalence and high amounts of diversity in the classroom has resulted in a need for reform of instructional settings, classroom compositions and the focus of the school as well. Change is not something that the teachers are entirely responsible for, as school districts and the field of education as a whole must develop and adapt into a more responsive and adaptable institution. The act of refining the teaching profession to become compassionate and accommodating to cultural and linguistic diversity has not been developing on its own. Alongside this development, the fundamentals and teaching strategies used within the classroom have also experienced great changes. As previously mentioned, there is a transition away from traditional instructional methods. The lesson planning and execution processes are continually being refined in a manner that heavily suggests incorporation of cultural learning. Although lessons are still encouraged to maintain the traditional style of review, introduction, presentation, seatwork, summary, and conclusion, the inner-workings of each aspect of the lesson has experienced revision. Lecturing, as a tool for presenting subject matter, has undergone many changes to assist students of various culture and language differences in understanding course content. With the incorporation of modern technology, either via visual presentation and/or translated course materials, achieving a bilingual setting has become much easier to attain. Furthermore, constructivist-learning theory has begun to influence educational approaches and strategies to the point that the presentation and seatwork sections are intertwined (Johnson et al., 2008, p.331). Discovery learning calls for students to explore the course materials and learn in a manner that best suits their needs (Eby et al., 2006, p.218). This is entirely conducive to cultural sensitivity and consideration within the classroom as teachers facilitate and supervise learning rather than control it. The constructivist approach is defined as a situation where students learn best through meaningful, first hand experiences (J ohnson et al., 2008, p.331). In this model, in compliance with constructivist theory, teachers give the students the necessary tools for them to learn the material in a fashion that best suits their needs. The implementation of constructivist theory, namely through discovery learning, has become much more commonplace in the school systems today. Before taking this class on Cognition, Culture and Language I was unaware of the profound effect that culture can have on student learning. Though I had learned the importance of understanding the culture of the students to establish connecting points within the curriculum, I did not possess any further reason to have a personal cultural understanding with students. It is now evident to me that understanding the cultures of students will achieve more than establishing connecting points. Teachers with the understanding of the cultures of their students are better equipped to assist their students in the learning process. Moreover, teachers who understand the cultures and cultural values of their students are more inclined to be accepting of their students and not violate any cultural norms that the parents might have instilled in their children. Also, when a teacher has a grasp of the cultures of their students, it is unlikely that they will misinterpret behaviors that are spec ific to various cultures as being insubordinate, rude, or timid (Greenfield Cocking, 1994, p.352). Rather than assume a student is exhibiting negative character traits, a teacher with cultural understanding would be more inclined to research alternate methods of instruction that move away from situations where students exhibit these behaviors. With respect to cultural sensitivity, I have learned many things about the implications of diversity within the classroom. Cultural sensitivity, or the sincere acknowledgement of the diversity within the class, is essential for teachers to excel in the classroom. Possessing sensitivity to culture is on a greater level than a simple awareness and understanding. When a teacher has a combination of awareness, sensitivity, and understanding, they will know how to respond situationally and appropriately. Sensitivity also has beneficial effects when establishing relationships that extend beyond the classroom. A teacher who is culturally sensitive will interact with students and their families. When they do this, they will be conscious and respectful of culture and will conduct themselves with tact and dignity. In addition, when teachers employ ideas that are centered on accommodation and lesson modification, they will ensure success among all students, not simply the minority or the majority. Culture exists, and has influence on, so many levels of our everyday lives. The effect that culture has on a person is uncontrollable. It is a continual pattern that goes from parent to child and, although it may be changed overtime, still possesses the same common origin. As time progresses, specific groups may develop characteristics different from their original, inherited culture but common traits may remain the same. Regardless of the changes that may occur over time, people are still shaped and developed in accordance with their culture. The effects that culture has on a personâ„ ¢s comprehension and learning have become much more evident as our classrooms become increasingly diverse. Now, to help students learn subject material in a manner that is best receptive to their culture, teachers must develop awareness to these cultures. For the American education system to experience continued success, teachers must work to improve the quality of education it is delivering. Throughout the years there have been continual modifications and evolutions to instructional approaches in order to demonstrate the success that has been occurring in the field of teaching. Now, as the education system faces the challenge of an increasing diverse population, teachers must work to develop educational strategies that best appeal to the whole of their classes. Older, traditional approaches have grown stale and more ineffective as diversity in the classroom continues to rise. Therefore, to experience continued success within the classroom, teachers must once again change their approach. It is the teachers who go through comprehensive preparatory programs that are more receptive and responsive to the needs of the students. These programs teach future educators how to experience success with unique instructional approaches. Various movements within the field of education, such as Constructivism, Bilingual Education, and Discovery Learning, are at the forefront of accommodating classrooms for students of diverse cultural needs. These instructional strategies cannot achieve true success on their own though, as it takes the creative work of open, informed, and compassionate teachers to continue to develop teaching strategies for the benefit of all students. It should be the goal of all future teachers to develop into the culturally sensitive educators that are needed for continued and increased success in the classroom. I feel that, through the requirements that I am working to fulfill at National University, I am being adequately prepared to educate students in the increasingly diverse classroom of today. My own personal experiences, coupled with the facilitated learning activities, are increasing my awareness of studentsâ„ ¢ needs and cultures, thus providing me the adequate tools to be a successful teacher of the future products of the American education system. References: Eby, J., Herrell, A., Jordan, M. (2006). Teaching in K-12 schools: A reflective action approach (4th Ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education Ltd. Greenfield, P. M., Cocking, R. R. (1994). Cross-cultural roots of minority child development. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers. Johnson, J. A., Musial, D., Hall, G., Gollnick, D., Dupuis, V. (2008). Foundations of american education: Perspectives on education in a changing world (14th Ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson Education Inc. Nieto, S. (2000). Affirming diversity: The sociopolitical context of multicultural education. New York: Longman. Ovando, C. J., Combs, M. C., Collier, V. P. (2006). Bilingual and ESL classrooms (4th Ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Slavin, R.E. (2009). Educational psychology: Theory and practice (9th Ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education Inc.